The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay

The History Of The Negotiation Power Tourism Essay In general, negotiation mean bargaining process between two or more parties seeking to discover a common ground and reach an agreement to settle a matter of mutual concern or resolve a conflict (Business Dictionary.com). According to Fisher Ury in their book Getting to YES: Negotiating Agreement without Giving In, negotiating is a basic ways in getting what you want from other peoples (1981). While in Oxford Dictionary, negotiation mean discussion aimed at reaching an agreement. In Women Are Getting Even (WAGE) website, they interpret negotiation as conversation between two parties in order to make an exchange. According to Rusk (2006), the meaning of negotiation is discussion intended to produce an agreement. It also can be referring as common solutions that used to make a decisions and settle down the problems (Moore, 2012), a process which is two or more parties attempt to agree on the rate of goods and services that they exchange (Robbins Judge, 2003). Conflict and negotiation are a fact of everyday work-life, yet it often produces anxiety (Cutts, 2012). The UK Border Agency has announced that there are still technical problems with online booking service (Kelly, 2012). This statement shows that sometimes online booking faced a problem such as lost record (Kirschbaum, 2009), security issues (Fane, 2010) and technical issues (Scoot, 2012). There are problems that faced by customer when they used online booking system. Despite the fact that all the respondents (except for one) use computers almost every day, 14% believe that booking online is not securing in general (Bogdanovych et al, 2006). Conflict happen because of these problems. Conflict happen when people did not agree with the issue, it will create a friction or tension between that individual or groups (Nahavandi, 1999). Negotion is a process that examining the facts of situation, exposing the interest of both parties involver and bargaining to solve the conflict as many as possible (Moore, 2012). Negotiation permeates the interaction of almost everybody in the organization (R obbins Judge, 2003). According to Lucas (2008), conflict might occur because of differing perception, inadequate or poor communication and also contrary expectations. These problems often happen when dealing with customer especially in travel agency. In tourism industry negotiation is an important process to gain a mutual agreement of something, especially to travel agencies. It is crucial for them to confirm what their customer wants and need. Through negotiation conflict between travel agency and customer can be reduced. Negotiating through areas of conflict can often lead to win-win situations agreeable to parties, reducing ill felling and conflict (Queensland Government, 2011). Travel agents have the negotiation power because they have maximum choice to offer to their clients (Travel Cafà © Inc 2011). This means they have variety of choices that they can get from their travel suppliers and they can give us the best deal with best value of possible. Online booking lack of first hand knowledge and rarely gives customer opportunity to speak with someone knowledgeable about service that they are booking (Morelock, 2012). The clients and travel agents can assists us to get what we want in our vacation. Online booking allow customer to make all travel plans on the internet means they can do it any time of the day or night at home or while theyre on their lunch break at the office (Oakley, 2012). It is true when we are doing booking online we can make a booking everywhere and anytime but we cannot negotiate the price of the tourism product that we wish to book. If we are negotiating with travel agents, we have the chance to get lower prices as possible. Price negotiation usually occurs during purchasing of materials or supplies (Francois, 2012). For example, if a travel package to Cameron Highlands costs about RM300 for two nights, the clients can negotiate the price lower and can get around RM250. With negotiations, both parties will receive their own benefits and it is a win-win situation (Rusk, 2006). When customer asks an agent to negotiate, means customer are essentially asking the agent to subsidize their vacation (Brock, 2009) but through online system, customer had no change to negotiate with an agent because the price is fixed. The Marriott International, Hilton Hotels, Sheraton Hotels Resorts and others was charged in San Francisco Federal Court on charges conspired to use their market dominance to fix the hotel prices with travel websites like Travelocity, Booking.com and Expedia, a subsidiary of Priceline.com From this case we can see that customer cannot negotiate the price because the price is fixed. The aim of the negotiations is to decide the price that is acceptable for both parties (Francois, 2012) From price negotiation process it becomes bargaining process. Negotiations commonly follow a process of positional bargaining (Cutts, 2012). Oxford Online Dictionary give two interpretation of bargaining, the first is an agreement between two or more people or groups as to what each will do for the other. The second is a thing bought or offered for sale much more cheaply than usual or expected. There are two types of negotiation which are distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining (Robbins Judge, 2003). Distributive bargaining also called claiming value, zero-sum or win-lose bargaining is a competitive strategy that is used to decide how to distribute a fixed resource such as money (Spangler, 2003). Honeyman (2012), interpret intergrative bargaining as one of platform which party try to understand interests of another party, on the expectation that it will helping the opponent to create solution as responsive its own concerns. According to Tewart (2012), many times people sa y they dont like to negotiate (bargaining) yet, they still shop around and never pay full price. The word bargaining here does not only mean price negotiation, it is a much differentiated and broader term (Management Study Guide, 2012). Customer also can bargain to build his or her own trip with or without help from a customer care executive (Agarwal, 2012), asking whether travel agency offer travel insurance (trip Travel Responsibility Informed Protected, 2012) and a customer can seek redress under certain circumstances commonly referred as the right to repair, replacement or refund (Government of South Australia, 2011). These are things that customer can bargain with travel agencies. The freedom of customer is restricted when they make booking through online. Customer cannot confirm their specific requirement when make the online booking through the hotel reservation system (Vyas, 2010). For example, when they make booking through hotel reservation system, if they have something that they dont understand, no place for them to raise the questions. According to Lloyd, booking online doesnt have individual to deal with booking process, it leaf to customer to read and understand the complicated terms and conditions. One of the advantages of booking direct with the hotel, by phone or email, is that customer can request a specific room of the hotel and they cannot normally do that online or with an agent (Trend, 2010) According to Tewart (2012), most people act in their best interest and most people who say they dont like negotiating, actually still want to. This statement show that customers still love to negotiate and online booking system prevent them from doing it. Negotiation is needed in order to secure the resources required for successful project completion (Evans Lindsay, 2008). Through negotiating win-win solutions with customers it will not only give your company the best chance to succeed but will also create relation between customer and your company for future sales opportunities (Douglas, 2003). Negotiation also can increase clarity about the problem, can lead to innovative breakthroughs and new approaches, involvement in conflict can sharpen approaches to bargaining, influencing, competing and also can focus more attention on basic issues and lead to solution (Wertheim,1996) Vyas, J. (2010, August 10).  Disadvantages of booking online on travel portals. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Disadvantages-of-Booking-Online-on-Travel-Portalsid=4832401 [Web log message]. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.wageproject.org/files/neg.php Queensland Government , Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. (2011).Negotiation skills. Retrieved from website: http://www.skills.business.qld.gov.au/running/1172.htm http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/negotiation.html Oakley, R. (n.d.).  The advantages of online reservations. Retrieved from http://traveltips.usatoday.com/advantages-online-reservations-63078.html Lucas, R. W. (n.d.).  Responding to conflict with customers. Retrieved from http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/Responding_to_Conflict_with_Customers.html Lloyd, M. G. (n.d.).  Advantages and disadvantages of an online booking system read more: Advantages and disadvantages of an online booking system | ehow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8780323_advantages-disadvantages-online-booking-system.html Johanson, M. (2012, August 21).  Travel websites, hotels accused of price-fixing. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.com/travel-websites-hotels-accused-price-fixing-751937 Brock, C. (2009, July 13).  Negotiating rates and fares with travel agents. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Negotiating-Rates-and-Fares-With-Travel-Agentsid=2603163 Tewart, M. (n.d.).  People still love to negotiate. Retrieved from http://www.expressyourselftosuccess.com/people-still-love-to-negotiate/ Trend, N. (2010, February 11).http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/columnists/nicktrend/7213438/hotel-booking-should-you-use-an-online-agent-or-go- Bargaining power of customers. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.managementstudyguide.com/bargaining-power-of-customers.htm Top questions to ask your travel agent. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://trip.ustia.org/safety/articles/1233/top-questions-to-ask-your-travel-agent/ Government of South Australia, Business, Industry and Trade Department. (2011).  Refunds to customers. Retrieved from website: http://www.sa.gov.au/subject/Business, industry and trade/Starting and managing a business/Running a business/Selling to customers/Sales practices in your business/Refunds to customers Cutts, R. N. (n.d.). Using principled negotiation to resolve workplace issues.  Conflict Management, 3. Retrieved from http://nl.walterkaitz.org/RNicoleCutts_PrincipledNegotiation.pdf Spangler, B. (2003, June).  Distributive bargaining. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/bi-essay/distributive-bargaining Spangler, B. (2003, June).  Integrative or interest-based bargaining. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/bi-essay/interest-based-bargaining AGARWAL, S. (2012, October 08). Want to make your own travel itinerary? here are few portals that will help you.  The Economic Times. Retrieved from http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-10-08/news/34322860_1_travel-agents-travel-itinerary-travel-hotspot Francois, C. (2012).  What is price negotiation?. Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-price-negotiation.htm   Nahavandi, A. Malekzadeh, A.R. (1999).  Organizational Behavior: The Person-Organization Fit (ch. 13).  Upper Sandle Ridge, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Deconstruction in J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace

Being a post-colonial text, J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace is a multi-layered narrative of deconstruction- from the language, the characters and their values, the setting and the context. Deconstruction is a strategy employed by J. M. Coetzee to present and critique the effects of colonialism within the South African post-apartheid context. After the removal of the apartheid system that has hounded South Africa for the longest time, one would expect a complete turnabout in values, beliefs and practice amongst the people and the community-both rural and urban.Coetzee subverts this expectation by depicting a post-apartheid life and existence that is still, in the metaphorical sense, imprisoned and clinging to the misery and antiquity of the colonial past. David Lurie, the lead character and the narrator in the literary text is a man who has drunk and gobbled many of life’s bitter disappointments- from his unfulfilled teaching days in a university turned technical college to his demotion as a caretaker of terminally ill animals in his daughter’s farm.Coetzee deconstructs David’s character by portraying him as a man still shackled from his own vices and values as well as from the old world that boxed and created him instead of a free, happy man in a post-apartheid environ(ment). On another level, David’s character undergoes deconstruction by being depicted as a Caucasian South African male in a time and place (post-apartheid) where the whites do hold as much power as they once used to. In terms of language, Coetzee’s prose is anti-realist. Truth and meaning in his narrative are not laid bare explicitly; it is covered and laced with undertones, symbols and irony.The novel also deconstructs â€Å"the romantic pastoral prototype of the farm novel tradition through its portrayal of a lonely and desolate farm, and through the narrator Magda, a lonely spinster suffocated by an environment of intellectual and spiritual drought† ( Subverting the pastoral: the transcendence of space and place in J. M. Coetzee's Disgrace 2006). Coetzee transforms the farm which often conjures up an image of one that is idyllic and laidback into a setting that is marred with unhappiness and disillusionment.

Reflective Account – Plan, Prioritise and Balance Time

A situation arose relating to a Live – in carer, (to be known in this reflective account as carer A) who was due to go into a placement and relieve an existing member of staff ( to be known in this reflective account as carer B) as part of a two-week job share. Carer A had problems with regard to her residency and as a matter of urgency had to adjust the dates of the changeover. When first the call was made by carer A, she was so upset that I did not know if she was going back at all. My personal knowledge of the circumstances of the client was extensive, learned time and lots of communicating with the clients’ wife and the client himself and the achievement of home visits. I was wholeheartedly aware of how a change at such short notice would affect the clients’ wife who lives in the home, along with the client and who oversees the care provision of her husband who has advanced dementia and cannot communicate his needs at all. My immediate thoughts were not to alarm the clients’ wife unnecessarily but to establish the facts involved in situation and solve the issue with the best possible outcome for all parties in mind. In planning my steps to ensure an effective outcome, my first thoughts were to secure the existing care arrangements, which involved contacting carer B. This meant a discreet phone call to her to ask if and how long she would be able to stay to cover for carer A. I was aware that I possibly only had a window of opportunity of one week because carer B was to be placed into another live – in, with another client. I also knew that carer B had a hospital appointment to attend within the timeframe which meant that the clients’ wife would possibly require extra support for this time. Carer B agreed to stay but did need off duty for a whole day because of the distance to and from the hospital. Once the cover had been successfully secured, my next step was to find out how long this extra cover would be required for. This involved contacting carer A. It may have seemed better if I had started my enquiries the other way around but my thoughts were that if carer B had made other private plans for the week then I would have been looking for a replacement with a carer C and so I stored the information in my head. In communicating with carer A, my thoughts were to ensure that I was offering practical professional support to assist where possible with her issues and also offer a sympathetic ear to support her emotional state at the time. I had to be realistic about what I needed to achieve to ensure a positive outcome for all parties and I could only achieve a positive outcome by planning the next steps. Carer A came to the office to discuss the situation with me and together we worked out a practical plan of action. This involved a longer- term approach and would be running in the background after carer A returned to her placement and would not involve the client further at this stage. A call was then made to the clients’ wife to inform her of the situation and the steps I had already taken to ensure that our obligation as a care provider would be met. In communicating with the clients’ wife I was to be mindful as to the conversation held, my considerations toward all parties was to be factual, honest, practical and professional. The new changeover date was established, consideration was given to how best carer B could achieve her visit to the hospital and all parties agreed an arrangement as to how best both would be achieved. My involvement continued as I escorted both carer A and carer B too and from their respective placements by using my personal transport, as neither carer is a driver and access to the clients home is more challenging than most as they live away from the use of public transport. My support will continue as I will be offering practical help to carer A in ensuring a positive outcome for her. I will maintain contact with the clients’ wife by phone fortnightly In the timeframe allocated to this example of how I plan, prioritise and balance my time, I still work within the office supporting the office staff to deal with other issues that occur within any working day. I ensured that the office would be covered adequately when I was to be out of the office, I ensured that I could be contacted in the case of an emergency, should the staff need my support when out and about. I made sure that an affirmative plan of action was in place for any eventuality that could occur in this situation.

Requiem Analysis - 1755 Words

Mozarts Requiem, in d minor K 626, was written in 1791. Franz Sussmayr, who was Mozarts understudy, completed it. About half of the Requiem is credited to him, however analyzers today and of his day question whether he really did complete any of it due to the mastery of the piece. During Mozarts illness, a stranger visited him. This man (who kept his appearance concealed) wanted him to compose a mass for the dead. He was obsessed at this point that he was writing his own Requiem and so although he was ill, he completed parts of it and a basic outline, of which he discussed with his understudy Franz Sussmayr. He made Sussmayr familiar with his further plans for the work, showed him the outlines of the unfinished movements and†¦show more content†¦However, slight modifications are made in a tonal answer so that the intervallic distance is not always the same as in the subject. The modifications generally entail replacing dominant implications with tonic. Thus if a fugue subject begins on a dominant tone the answer begins on the tonic.ï ¿ ½(3)The answer in this case starts on the tonic (D). This occurs in the soprano line, in the middle of the fourth measure. As we continue on, another counter subject (to play off of the new subject) occurs in the tenor line, five measures in on a B naturalï ¿ ½. At rehearsal letter F another tonal answer occurs in the alto line this time, starting on an Aï ¿ ½. The counter subject to this enters in the bass line one measure later. This one begins on Eï ¿ ½. Finally, the subject appears in the Tenor line, four measures after F, with its counter subject entering in the soprano two half measures later. Once the presentation of the subject is completed in all four parts (as with the counter subject) the end of the first section, called the exposition, is completed. The exposition begins in dï ¿ ½ minor and works its way to its dominant minor aï ¿ ½ minor at the beginning of the first episode. An episode is A short interlude in the development section of a fugue that does not contain the subject or answer but connects entrances of either in various keys.ï ¿ ½(4) The first episode isShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Mozart s Requiem959 Words   |  4 PagesIn the last decade, the problem of Mozart’s Requiem has divided itself into three categories which most of the scholars have majored on in an attempt to come up with a clear analysis of the arguments and various evidence. The three main problems include the authenticity problem viewed in a narrower sense, the instrumentation problem and the dating problem. According to Friedrich Blume, the question of authenticity comes in when the question of which parts were completed by Mozart and the other partsRead MoreAnalysis Of Requiem For A Dream1019 Words   |  5 PagesThe movie, Requiem for a Dream (Selby Mansell, 2000) exposes the multiple faces of addiction. 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Introducing Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program

Introducing Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program Work smart Some folks believe in working hard, but it's always preferable to work smart. Do not procrastinate If you're working in a part-time job and at the exact time you're studying, make an effort not to procrastinate too much. It is essential that you remember to look at how you are going to integrate graduate school into your present circumstance. The direction you spend your free time will have a huge effect on your success rate. Up in Arms About Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program? You Develop Time Management Skills Working while studying requires a good deal of discipline, particularly in the field of time management. When there are learning opportunities all around us, a number of them come with a larger price tag than a few of the others. You are able to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the aid of our profess ional experts. Nurses who need to advance their abilities and career opportunities may want to think about learning online at Bradley. Choosing Good Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program Fully being a responsible student, it is vital for you which you stay away from them and always write high-quality essays. Students may easily become much better writers and critical thinkers by showing the right writing abilities. There are 3 important steps that you ought to follow when you're writing an on-line essay. Then the very best way is set a request I want to acquire essay papers written. The info utilized for the essays is taken from reliable sources. Today, several on-line tutoring websites supply the very best essay writing services at reasonable prices. You may also seek the advice of several on-line essays which are already published on several sites. Now it's possible to buy top quality essay for a finance paper in a timely method. To start with, go for an intriguing topic for your abortion term paper if it isn't already assigned by your teacher. A research paper is a sophisticated kind of essay. Writing an essay and just a research paper consumes lots of time. The essay writing help can be seen in a multitude of ways, a few of which are direct while others aren't. Also, you're encouraged to understand how to set boundaries, avoid distractions and procrastination. It is not simple to write about yourself because you need to go over all your strengths, weaknesses, good, and bad habits at the exact same moment. Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program: No Longer a Mystery Writing an essay on information technology needs an appreciable measure of information and a fair comprehension of the subject. The resources offered for internet essay serve the aim of distinct heights of the academic curricula. When t he research is done, make an outline for your customized term paper which likewise requires added concentration. Providing evidence for the GRE essays would end up being invaluable if you prefer to create the amount of credibility. The New Angle On Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program Just Released The first thing you have to do for writing a great management term paper is to select an appropriate topic. Understanding how to develop and manage a team to find the absolute most out of their performance capabilities is important. Technologies, including the use of simulation and distance learning through online courses, will need to play an essential role also. A modern HR management system has self-service functionality that makes it simpler to manage timesheets and lessens the effort required in the HR approach. The Downside Risk of Samples of Time Management Essay for Frontier Dnp Program Big or little grants, it doesn't matter because all of them provi de completely free money to send you to school and receive a degree. Also, online programs could possibly be in a position to admit more students simply since they do not will need to vie for a seat in class. They feature flexible class scheduling, and many schools offer clinical placements close to the student's home area. The ideal ADN-to-MSN nurse practitioner programs make it possible for students to finish their degrees in 2-3 decades, requiring 48-62 credits. At precisely the same time, each amount of undergraduate education you get will raise your general earning capacity. For example, some on-line PhD programs do not need the GRE. Nurses pursuing their degree on the internet can also continue to work complete time, and lots of programs make it possible for students to complete clinical requirements at their present workplace or at a neighborhood medical facility. Completion of the degree is dependent upon a few factors.

The Naturalist Movement The Monster, and The Red Badge of...

â€Å"A man said to the universe: ‘Sir, I exist!’ ‘However’ replied the universe, ‘the fact has not created in me a sense of obligation’†~ Stephen Crane. Crane was the champion of the American naturalist movement. Following the Civil War, American authors had to adjust and react to the astounding amount of death that occurred. Authors began to write more realistic stories and started the Realism movement. The Realist authors who took the foundations a step farther created the Naturalists. Naturalists believed that humans were hopeless and that the world was against human nature. These authors could touch on more controversial problems in life, such as racism and violence because they could create a realistic environment and make a comment on†¦show more content†¦Frederick Treves. Finally, the lynching of Robert Lewis in Port Jervis, New York affected Crane (McMurray). Crane had some relation to the lynching through Judge William Crane who tried to resist the mob from lynching Robert Lewis (McMurray). Worse yet, no man was charged or investigated for the murder of the Robert as the coroner found Robert died â€Å"by being hung by the neck by a person or persons unknown to this jury.†(McMurray). The lynching showed Crane the evils of the racism that ran rampant during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. These events helped to create the basis for The Monster. The Red Badge of Courage has a much different background. Crane never actually experienced being a solider in the Civil War. In fact, he was born six years after the war was over and found other books on the Civil War uninteresting and dry. Crane set to write about the war in a more novelistic way and place the reader into the shoes of a soldier. In this way Crane created a novel about the Civil War that is unlike any other one written before. For never being a part of the war, Crane writes a truly realistic portrayal of the life of a soldier. In a broad sense the two stories have little in common. The Monster is unlike any of Crane’s other stories in the way that Crane blatantly attacks the racism of the American society of the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. That novel also tends to be more negative to the American society thanShow MoreRelated Essay on Fantasies and Realities in Red Badge Of Courage2491 Words   |  10 PagesFantasies and Realities in The Red Badge Of Courage      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane the main character, Henry Fleming, thought he understood the war between the North and the South.   However, his understanding came â€Å"from his knowledge of fairy tales and mythology†(Gibson 21).   Henry thought that he was like the heroes that he read about in these stories.   He soon learned that real war was very different from his imaginative expectations.   Crane took Henry’s fantasies and

Ribena - Global Marketing And Environment Audit Plan

Introduction In the competitive business market, every company wants to spread their products and services in the global market. Ribena, a beverage company in United Kingdom is planning to introduce its products in the market of China. Product selected for this purpose is Ribena plus that has wide range of Food drink products like Ribena plus immunity support, Ribena plus healthy bones, Ribena plus vitamin A,C,E etc. In China there is huge scope for these types of drinks because people in China prefer the drink that gives them proper amount of vitamin and minerals. China soft drink market has gained huge market share and also shows a healthy performance in recent years (Ribena 2013). Marketing Environment Audit Michael Porters National Diamond model framework is a tool for analyzing the organizations environment. It is one of the most significantly used theories to evaluate the market competitiveness of the country. This theory is mainly used by the firms that are planning to enter in the new functional environment and within the new institutional frameworks. Porter establishes the four factors to explain the viability of a country competing in the particular international market. Following is the analysis of diamond factors in relation to the country China (Liu, Zhang and Xu 2010). Government and Factor Conditions: Government is the most important factor that affects the market in the particular country. Chinese government has made many marketing strategies to give a boost to the beverage companies and also encourages the international beverage companies to sell the products in China. Main aim of the Chinese government is to promote healthy competition in the beverage market so that the people in china have an option a chose from variety of products and its quality (Liu, Zhang and Xu 2010). Demand Conditions: China is currently ranked first for its population and also for its economic development. Population in China are mostly employed and generally prefers the food and drinks that are readily available. A recent research report on Chinas soft drink market states that Total Output Volume has increased by 10.73 % from year 2000 to 2012 (PRweb 2013). Relative and supporting industries: Beverage industry in China has a very wide chain and it covers many other industries. According to porter, these external sources of supportive industries provide the network of specialised input providers, which become the true source of competitive advantage (Liu, Zhang and Xu 2010). Competitors in the Chinese Market: Number of Chinese soft and fruit drink enterprises are very high and there is cut-throat competition between these enterprises. Internal Audit To critically evaluate the internal environment of Industry, Porters five forces model is used. This model is introduced by Michael porter in 1980 and considered one of the most effective analytical frameworks for industry analysis. In this framework, five forces are the bargaining power of customers, threat of new competitors, the threat of substitute products and services, the intensity of competitive rivalry, and the bargaining power of suppliers (Partridge and Hunt 2005). Threat of new competitors is high because of amount of initial investment to start the business is very low as compared to other industries. Also the intensity of competitive rivalry is very high because of presence of many big and small beverage manufactures. Customers in China posses very high amount of bargaining power due to presence intensive competition. Therefore companies are forced to put some additional offer to sell their products. There are many products that substitute the soft and food drinks and this fact contributes to the profitability level of Chinese beverage companies (Partridge and Hunt 2005). External Audit Pestle analysis is used to evaluate the external factors that affect any company while entering into other market. PESTLE stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal, and ecological factors that affect the company external environment. Management of each company operating in Food and beverage sector has conducted the pestle analysis to gather the knowledge required for decision making. Following is analysis that shows the pestle analysis of food and beverage industry in China. Political: Beverages like soft and fruit drink falls within the food category under FDA. China government plays a major role to regulate the operation of manufacturing of these products. There are potential fines for not meeting the set standard of laws defined in connection to these products and these fines are set by the government authorities. Economic: Economy of China is very strong and it is growing in every part. Recession in global market has a least impact on the economy of China and Chinas GDP is increasing constantly. The standard of living in China is very high that is main reason of inflation in China. Social: Social factors involve changing attitudes and lifestyles. People of China practice healthier lifestyle and prefers healthy drinks. Therefore there is great scope of food and soft drinks in China. Technological Change: It creates opportunities for new products and improves product quality. It also introduces new marketing techniques in the market like internet and E-commerce. Ribena can use this technology to market its products and can also reduce its production cost by adopting new methods of production. Conclusion At last it concluded that there is huge scope for growth and development of Ribena in Chinese market due to presence of high demand and market potential. This is analysed with the help of certain models like Pestle, Porters five force and national diamond model. References Liu, Y., Zhang, Y. and Xu, C. 2010. Analysis of the International Competitiveness of Chinese Medicine Industry Based on the Diamond Model. International Business Research 3(3), pp. 165-170. Partridge, L. and Hunt, M. S. 2005. Strategic Management. Select Knowledge Limited. PRweb 2013. China Soft Drink Market Total Output Volume Increased 10.73% YOY 2000-2012